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[[Ivan Illich]] coined the term [[Convivial Tools]] in his book [[Tools for Conviviality]], first published in 1973. [[Convivial Tools]] are tools which allow the user to operate with independent efficiency. At the same time, [[Convivial Tools]] include tools that are developed and maintained by a community of users. [[Convivial Tools]] thus include tools that are developed and used by on-line communities, such as [[Free and Open Source Software]] and [[Wikis]]. | [[Ivan Illich]] coined the term [[Convivial Tools]] in his book [[Tools for Conviviality]], first published in 1973. [[Convivial Tools]] are tools which allow the user to operate with independent efficiency. At the same time, [[Convivial Tools]] include tools that are developed and maintained by a community of users. [[Convivial Tools]] thus include tools that are developed and used by on-line communities, such as [[Free and Open Source Software]] and [[Wikis]]. | ||
| − | Illich is better known for an earlier book, entitled [[Deschooling Society]], about how to develop "learning webs" for informal learning outside of academic institutions. In this earlier book Illich advocated the development of a computer network which strongly ressembles the Internet, at a time before the Internet existed. Illich's later book [[Tools for Conviviality]] exercised a discrete influence in certain circles, but never received major public attention. However, it influenced [[Lee Felsenstein]], a | + | Illich is better known for an earlier book, entitled [[Deschooling Society]], about how to develop "learning webs" for informal learning outside of academic institutions. In this earlier book Illich advocated the development of a computer network which strongly ressembles the Internet, at a time before the Internet existed. Illich's later book [[Tools for Conviviality]] exercised a discrete influence in certain circles, but never received major public attention. However, it influenced [[Lee Felsenstein]], a member of the [[Hacker Generation]] who contributed to the development of the personal computer. Felsenstein adopted Illich's vision of tools that would be developed and maintained by a community of users. This vision of community tool development has also been embodied in more recent movements, such as the [[Free and Open Source Software]] (FOSS), [[Open Design]] and [[Wiki]] movements, which are manifestations of the idea of [[Convivial Tools]], without necessarily being familiar with the concept. |
Given below are brief mentions of various trends and movements which illustrate the idea of [[Convivial Tools]], including: | Given below are brief mentions of various trends and movements which illustrate the idea of [[Convivial Tools]], including: | ||
