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| − | <font size="5">'''Convivial Tools User Guide'''</font> | + | <font size="5">'''Wiki History Database'''</font> |
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| − | This website presents information dealing with [[Convivial Tools]] and related topics. For more information about the site itself, see [[About this Site]]. On the subject of [[Convivial Tools]] see also the [http://conviviality.ouvaton.org Convivial Tools Encyclopedia] and the [http://ctwiki.ouvaton.org Convivial Projects Wiki].
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| − | <font size="3">See the '''[[Main Categories]]'''</font> or go to '''[[:Category:Root]]'''.
| + | This website is a database about people, websites, software and concepts that played a role in the history of [[wiki|wikis]]. This site is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_is_a_work_in_progress work in progress]. |
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| − | <font size="3">See also my '''[[#Recent Posts|Recent Blog Posts]]'''.</font>
| + | A [[wiki]] is a website whose pages can be edited by any visitor. The first wiki, called [[WikiWikiWeb]], was created by [[Ward Cunningham]] in 1995. Wikis were brought to the attention of the general public by the success of [[Wikipedia]], an online collaborative encyclopedia created in 2001. |
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| − | ==Is this Website a [[Wiki]]?== | + | ==About this Website== |
| − | <font size="3">For pages about [[wiki|wikis]], see '''[[:Category:Wikis]]'''.</font>
| + | This website contains pages about the history of wikis, organised into main categories as shown below on this page. To browse the site, see: |
| | + | *[[Main Categories]]: structure of the site |
| | + | *[[:Category:Root]]: go here to work down the branches of categories and sub-categories |
| | + | *[[Road Maps]]: suggestions of pages to browse |
| | + | *[[About this Site]]: for more information about the site itself. |
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| − | This website operates under [[MediaWiki]] software and thus has the potential to be a [[Wiki|wiki]]. However, the site is protected against random editing, which means that you must create a user account to edit articles. In addition, at present only [[WikiSysop]] can create new accounts, because the wiki was recently spammed (read the details at [[Spam Attack]]). The site thus currently operates as the personal database of [[User:MichaelSlattery|Michael Slattery]]. The companion site the [http://ctwiki.ouvaton.org Convivial Projects Wiki] is still a true wiki, although as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_A._Wiley David Wiley] says: "A wiki without contributors is nothing but a blog on steroids."
| + | ==[[:Category:Wiki History]]== |
| | + | Themes in [[Wiki History]]. |
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| − | ==Ivan Illich and Tools for Conviviality== | + | ==[[:Category:Wiki People]]== |
| − | <font size="3">For pages about [[Ivan Illich]] and [[Convivial Tools]], see '''[[:Category:Convivial Tools]]'''.</font>
| + | People who played a role in the history of wikis. For an overview, see the [[Wiki People Narrative]]. |
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| − | [[Ivan Illich]] coined the term [[Convivial Tools]] in his book [[Tools for Conviviality]], first published in 1973. [[Convivial Tools]] are tools which allow the user to operate with independent efficiency. At the same time, [[Convivial Tools]] include tools that are developed and maintained by a community of users. [[Convivial Tools]] thus include tools that are developed and used by on-line communities. | + | ==[[:Category:Wiki Websites]]== |
| | + | Significant historical wiki websites. For an overview, see the [[Wiki Websites Narrative]]. |
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| − | Illich is better known for an earlier book, entitled [[Deschooling Society]], about how to develop "learning webs" for informal learning outside of academic institutions. In this book Illich advocated the development of a computer network which strongly ressembles the Internet, at a time before the Internet existed. Illich's later book [[Tools for Conviviality]] exercised a discrete influence in certain circles, but never received major public attention. However, it influenced [[Lee Felsenstein]], a hardware hacker who contributed to the development of the personal computer. Felsenstein adopted Illich's vision of tools that would be developed and maintained by a community of users. This vision of community tool development has also been embodied in more recent movements, such as the [[Free and Open Source Software]] (FOSS), [[Open Design]] and [[Wiki]] movements, which are manifestations of the idea of [[Convivial Tools]], without necessarily being familiar with the concept.
| + | ==[[:Category:Wiki Engines]]== |
| | + | Wiki engines are the software packages used to run wikis. For an overview, see the [[Wiki Engines Narrative]]. |
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| − | Given below are brief mentions of various trends and movements which illustrate the idea of [[Convivial Tools]], including:
| + | ==[[:Category:Wiki Concepts]]== |
| | + | The early users of wikis developed a range of specific terms and concepts related to the structure, functions and utilisation of wikis. For an overview, see the [[Wiki Concepts Narrative]]. |
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| − | *[[#Historical Roots|Historical Roots of the philosophy of Convivial Tools]]
| + | ==Is this Website a Wiki?== |
| − | *[[#Whole_Earth|Whole Earth Catalog and its offshoots]]
| + | This website operates under [[MediaWiki]] software and thus has the potential to be a [[Wiki]]. However, only registered users can create new accounts, and at the moment there is only one registered user. (As [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_A._Wiley David Wiley] says: "A wiki without contributors is nothing but a blog on steroids.") |
| − | *[[#Appropriate_Technology|Appropriate Technology and its variants]]
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| − | *[[#Convivial_Tools|Ivan Illich's philosophy of Convivial Tools]]
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| − | *[[#Hacker Generation|Hacker Generation of the seventies and eighties]]
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| − | *[[#Free_and_Open_Source_Software|Free and Open Source Software movements]]
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| − | *[[#Wikis|Wikis]]
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| − | *[[#Open_Design|Open Design]]
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| − | Clink on the above links to go the corresponding section below.
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| − | ==Historical Roots== | + | |
| − | <font size="3">For pages about the [[Historical Roots]] of the philosophy of [[Convivial Tools]], see '''[[:Category:Historical Roots]]'''.</font>
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| − | When [[Ivan Illich]] wrote [[Tools for Conviviality]] in 1973, he was informed by a long tradition of criticism of industrial technology and of formulation of alternatives. Forebears extend at least as far back as [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]], and include twentieth-century figures such as [[Lewis Mumford]] and [[Jacques Ellul]]. Also, the [[Whole Earth]] and [[Appropriate Technology]] movements, mentioned below, in fact appeared a few years ''before'' Illich's book [[Tools for Conviviality]].
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| − | ==Whole Earth==
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| − | <font size="3">For pages about the [[Whole Earth]] movement and its offshoots, see '''[[:Category:Whole Earth]]'''.</font>
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| − | The [[Whole Earth]] movement began with the publication of the [[Whole Earth Catalog]] (WEC) by [[Stewart Brand]] in 1968. The [[Whole Earth Catalog]] served as the focal center of an informal community of users and contributors to that publication, which appeared regularly until 1972, and periodically thereafter. [[Stewart Brant]] and the [[Whole Earth]] community spawned a number of influential spin-offs, such as the [[Coevolution Quarterly]], the Internet community called the [[WELL]] and the magazine [[Wired]].
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| − | ==Appropriate Technology==
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| − | <font size="3">For pages about [[Appropriate Technology]] and its variants, see '''[[:Category:Appropriate Technology]]'''.</font>
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| − | The theme now called "Appropriate Technology" was introduced as [[Intermediate Technology]] in the mid-nineteen sixties by [[E.F. Schumacher]], who is best-known for his book [[Small is Beautiful]].
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| − | ==Hacker Generation==
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| − | <font size="3">For pages about the [[Hacker Generation]], see '''[[:Category:Hacker Generation]]'''.</font>
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| − | The [[Hacker Generation]] refers to the individuals and communities that created the hardware and software of the personal computer in the late nineteen-seventies and early nineteen-eighties. It includes people such as [[Steve Wozniak]] and [[Steve Jobs]], who created the [[Apple Computer]], and [[Lee Felsenstein]], an electronic engineer who along with Wozniak and Jobs was a founding member of the [[Homebrew Computer Club]].
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| − | ==Free and Open Source Software (FOSS)==
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| − | <font size="3">For pages about [[Free and Open Source Software]], see '''[[:Category:FOSS]]'''.</font>
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| − | [[Free and Open Source Software]] (FOSS) is a comprehensive term encompassing both the Free Software and the Open Source Software movements.
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| − | ==Wikis==
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| − | <font size="3">For pages about wikis, see '''[[:Category:Wikis]]'''.</font>
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| − | A [[wiki]] is a website whose pages can be edited by any visitor. The first wiki, called [[WikiWikiWeb]], was created by [[Ward Cunningham]] in 1995. Wikis were brought to the attention of the general public by the success of [[Wikipedia]], an online collaborative encyclopedia created in 2001. This website presents numerous pages with information about [[:Category:Wiki People|people]], [[:Category:Wiki Websites|websites]], [[:Category:Wiki Engines|software]] and [[:Category:Wiki Concepts|concepts]] in the realm of wikis.
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| − | ==Open Design==
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| − | <font size="3">For pages about Open Design, see '''[[:Category:Open Design]]'''.</font>
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| − | [[Open Design]] is the application of the principles of [[Free and Open Source Software]] (FOSS) to the design of physical objects such as machines and computer hardware. Open Design is a general term covering a number of specific [[Open Source]] movements, such as the [[Open Source Hardware]] movement for Open Design of microcomputer chips, and the [[Open Source Tool Design]] movement which concerns primarily the Open Design of machines.
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| − | ==Recent Posts==
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| − | I would have preferred to end this page with a simple link to [[User:MichaelSlattery/Blog|Michael Slattery's Blog]]. However, recent posts from the blog are summarised below in order to try to maintain this page in the Google listings. For an angry reaction to the way Google works, see [[RainDog's Second Rant]].
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| − | *On 19 October 2007 the Main Page of this website '''is listed''' on the French Google. For the history of this page's listings see [[Google Log]].
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| − | '''18 October 2007 - Steep part of the [[ReFactoring|refactoring]] curve'''
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| − | We're talkin' steep part of the [[ReFactoring|refactoring]] curve, gang. This refers to a post on my [http://slattery.ouvaton.org personal blog] dated 19 September 2007, entitled [http://slattery.ouvaton.org/index.php?2007/09/19/7-exponential Exponential], which begins: "We're talkin' steep part of the learning curve, gang." I just [[ReFactoring|refactored]] this site's [[Main Page]], adding a long narrative summary of the contents of the site. In the process, I drastically expanded the site's scope. In addition to categories for [[:Category:Wikis|Wikis]], [[:Category:Convivial Tools|Convivial Tools]] and [[:Category:Open Design|Open Design]], there are now categories for [[:Category:FOSS|Free and Open Source Software]], [[:Category:Whole Earth|Whole Earth]], [[:Category:Appropriate Technology|Appropriate Technology]] and [[:Category:Hacker Generation|Hacker Generation]]. When will I ever find time to fill in all of these categories with relevant information?
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| − | '''18 October 2007 - WhoCares'''
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| − | Who really cares? This thought reminds me of a page from [[Richard Drake]]'s wiki [[WhyClublet]], entitled [http://clublet.com/c/c/why?WhyWouldOneBother WhyWouldOneBother]. It's been more than a month since [[RainDog's Editorial|RainDog's First Rant]] observed that I was writing for no one. Since then this site received a brief flurry of internet attention, after it first appeared on Google. (It got on Google due to reverse indexing from the [[CommunityWiki]] site, after I ''referred to'' them in my blog.) But most of the new attention came in the form of a [[Spam Attack]]. From my rage was born the project [[GING|GING is not Google]], but nothing has changed. I'm still producing all of this content just for myself. [http://clublet.com/c/c/why?WhyWouldOneBother WhyWouldOneBother]? WhoCares?
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| − | '''17 October 2007 - News from [[Sunir Shah]]'''
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| − | [[Sunir Shah]] posted a message on my [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Redeyed_Treefrog#Articles_I_have_contributed_to: Wikipedia user page], thanking me for the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunir_Shah article about him], and very cordially proposing to buy me a beer.
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| − | '''17 October 2007 - News from EngineerScotty'''
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| − | The Wikipedia user [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:EngineerScotty EngineerScotty] wrote a paragraph about my [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wikis History of Wikis] article on that [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:History_of_wikis article's Talk page]. It begins: "Good article." He says that it is too long and probably contains "original research." Be that as it may, this much is clear: at least one person has read it!
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| − | '''15 October 2007 - [[User:MichaelSlattery|Michael Slattery]] steps in for [[User:RainDog|RainDog]]'''
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| − | I finally Googled [http://www.google.fr/search?hl=fr&q=raindog&meta= RainDog] to see what would come up. Yikes - there are ''thousands'' of RainDogs, including one that has a competing series of [http://raindog.jasonarena.com RainDog's Rants]. That finally decided me to take my RainDog off of the stage, and to step onto it myself. So I again [[ReFactoring|refactored]] the site, to put [[User:MichaelSlattery|Michael Slattery]] into the limelight, and to move [[User:RainDog|RainDog]] into the wings. The show must go on!
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| − | '''15 October 2007 - Cloud Therapy'''
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| − | My sister Miranda sent me this link to a [http://www.cloudappreciationsociety.org/gallery cloud appreciation website].
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| − | '''14 October 2007 - Damned lies and statistics...'''
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| − | The statistics concerning this site are dreary. Other than myself, there was one visitor yesterday, and two the day before. It's too depressing. The solution is just to stop looking at the statistics.
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| − | '''14 October 2007 - English Google and French Google'''
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| − | It occured to me recently that this site is probably only listed on French Google, not on the English Google. When we were in the States last summer, I discovered that the home page of the [http://conviviality.ouvaton.org Convivial Tools Encyclopedia] site was unlisted there, whereas it had been listed in France. When I try to connect to http://google.com I get automatically redirected to http://google.fr. Is there some way I can prevent the redirect?
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| − | '''14 October 2007 - [[ReFactoring]] the [http://conviviality.ouvaton.org Convivial Tools Encyclopedia]'''
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| − | I finally started [[ReFactoring|refactored]] the [http://conviviality.ouvaton.org Convivial Tools Encyclopedia] website. It needs it. I'm also going to rewrite the Home Page to profit from the lessons I've learned about Google: the new Home Page will be a long summary of what is on the site, with links to every article. That way at least the Home Page should pop up once in a while when people are searching Google, and thus the site might get visited from time to time.
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| − | '''13 October 2007 - I finally understand the basic principle of a blog'''
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| − | All of this worry about getting pages into the Google listings has finally lead me to understand the basic principle of a blog: A BLOG PAGE ALWAYS HAS THE SAME INTERNET ADDRESS.
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| − | Once the blog page gets onto Google, people who click on the link will always go to the same page, and will thus see the new content added to the top of the page. Whereas if you create a new page, there is little chance that it will get listed on Google, which means no one will ever see it.
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| − | I therefore created a new page for my blog on this website, which will ''always have the same internet address'', as follows:
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| − | *http://toolswiki.ouvaton.org/index.php?title=User:MichaelSlattery/Blog
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| − | Put that in your Google and smoke it!
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| − | '''12 October 2007 - This [[Main Page]] is finally on Google'''
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| − | This Main Page of the toolswiki site is finally on Google. '''For how long?''' See [[Google Log]].
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| − | '''12 October 2007 - And so is the "History of Wikis" article'''
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| − | I launched again the Google search for my new Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wikis History of Wikis], using
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| − | the following character chain, which should find it and nothing else: "WikiWikiWeb snowballed." Bingo. The article is already listed on Google, and I only posted it yesterday!
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| − | '''12 October 2007 - But my "WhyClublet" article got booted off Wikipedia'''
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| − | My [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Redeyed_Treefrog/WhyClublet WhyClublet] article got deleted by a Wikipedia administrator called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Marasmusine Marasmusine], for failing to meet [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:WEB notability guidelines for web content]. I had also created a page called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Drake Richard Drake], which I redirected to WhyClublet (the redirect was left in place). I claim that Richard Drake, the founder of the WhyClublet wiki, was ''notable'' as one of the original WikiReductionists, who were historically the first group anywhere to deliberately delete other peoples' articles from a wiki (from WikiWikiWeb in this case). The article about the first person to delete articles from a wiki was just deleted from a wiki (from Wikipedia in this case).
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| − | '''11 October 2007 - The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wikis History of wikis] is on Wikipedia'''<br>
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| − | Today I posted my big [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wikis History of wikis] article on Wikipedia. This evening I [http://www.google.fr/search?hl=fr&q=%22history+of+wikis%22&btnG=Recherche+Google&meta= Googled "History of wikis"] to see if the article would appear, although I knew from experience that it will take a few days before the new article is crawled. The number one search result was the Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki Wiki], with a tag in the "history" section saying "Main article: History of wikis." I just added that tag today! The Wikipedia article on "Wiki" was thus crawled today '''after''' I added the tag. Coincidence? Or are certain Wikipedia articles crawled every day?
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| − | Then I searched for a chain that would be ''only'' in my article on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wikis History of wikis]: "WikiWikiWeb snowballed." The result was:
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| − | ::Your search - "WikiWikiWeb snowballed" - did not match any documents.
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| − | The countdown begins to see how many days before the article appears on Google. (Added note: it appeared the following day!)
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| − | '''11 October 2007 - Google speaks "Elmer Fudd"'''<br>
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| − | For my blog post that told the above story about searching for the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wikis History of wikis] article, I needed to capture the sentence "Your search ... did not match any documents" in English. Since my Google speaks French, I went to the [http://www.google.fr/preferences?hl=en Google settings page] to change the language, and discovered that the list of available languages includes "Elmer Fudd." I set it to that, and the fruitless search mentioned above gave this result:
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| − | ::Youw seawch - "WikiWikiWeb snowballed" - did not match any documents. Oh, dat scwewy wabbit!
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| − | They're a load of laughs, they are, those Google guys. [[Scwewy Wabbit]]!
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| − | '''10 October 2007 - Tweaking MediaWiki'''<br>
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| − | Perhaps this site would have more visitors if it were faster. I did a Google search with "Mediawiki faster," and got a [http://www.mwusers.com/forums/showthread.php?t=4338 forum page] that said I should enable caching, install APC (or a similar product) to pre-compile the php, and do a Google search for "mediawiki performance." The latter leads to [http://dammit.lt/2007/01/26/mediawiki-performance-tuning Five minutes of MediaWiki performance tuning], which tells how to install [http://fr3.php.net/manual/en/ref.apc.php APC], Alternative PHP Cache. But how do I execute the commands that are shown? And is APC installed on my Ouvaton server? To be continued...
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| − | '''09 October 2007 - GING is not Google'''<br>
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| − | A few days ago I came up with the idea of "[[GING]] is not Google." Modelled on Richard Stallman's original free software project "GNU is (not) Unix," [[GING]] is a project to use P2P software to pool thousands of PCs together to provide
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| − | enough computing power to create an alternative to the [[GoogleMafia]]. But in order for anyone to know about [[GING]], the pages describing it will first have to be listed on Google...
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| − | '''06 October 2007 - [[WikiSpam]]'''<br>
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| − | The toolswiki has been spammed. It started a week ago, when this site started to show up just a little bit on Google, but I only discovered it today. Fortunately the site had been configured to require creating an account before editing. The spammers were discrete, and created only a few pages, to avoid being detected. Consulting the page histories, I recreated the following record:
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| − | *'''date ---- user name --- page name'''
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| − | *5 Oct ------ 8 r8y d9d ----- 雅思枪手13764107295雅思代考雅思
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| − | *5 Oct ------ 8 r8y d9 ------- @13764107295代考雅思代考雅思枪手QQ：27939721
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| − | *4 Oct ------ Luck668 -------- Gold wow-power-leveling
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| − | *1 Oct ------- 8P2q3K68 ----- 代考雅思代考托福代考雅思枪手QQ：27939721
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| − | *30 Sept --- 3P2e3K68 ----- =代考雅思代考托福代考QQ：27939721
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| − | *30 Sept ---- 3j2e3m64 ------ QQ：27939721代考雅思代考托福代考
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| − | *30 Sept ---- 8P2q3K68 ---- 雅思枪手QQ：27939721代考雅思代考托福代考
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| − | I quickly modified the LocalSettings.php file to allow account creation only by WikiSysop. I then logged on as WikiSysop and blocked one by one all 8 unwanted users. As WikiSysop I could have deleted these files, but I decided to leave them for the moment. To see them go to [[Special:Allpages]]. For the full story, see [[Spam Attack]]. Now I have to figure out a strategy for fighting spam, so that I can allow new user accounts again.
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| − | '''05 October 2007 - [[GoogleMafia]]'''<br>
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| − | I discovered that my [http://conviviality.ouvaton.org Convivial Tools Encyclopedia] website has already completely disappeared from the Google ratings. This saddening discovery prompted [[RainDog's Second Rant]]. See also [[GoogleMafia]] and [[GING|GING is not Google]].
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| − | '''04 October 2007 - Wikipedia article unknown to Google'''<br>
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| − | I tried to Google "Sunir Shah" to see if my [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunir_Shah Wikipedia article] about him has started to show up yet. I searched deep into the Google listing but never found the article. I finally put together a foolproof combination: "Sunir Shah" with "Early Life." That only brought up a couple of pages of Google listings, and the article wasn't there. So it hasn't even been crawled by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlebot Google robot] yet! I put that article on Wikipedia more than two weeks ago. Apparently Google waits to find an external link before it crawls a new Wikipedia article. How long will that take? (Happy added note: on 8 October 2007 the Sunir Shah article is listed by Google and appears in '''eighth place''' for the search entry "Sunir Shah".)
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| − | When I was desperately searching, I tried the combination "Sunir Shah" plus "Wikipedia." Several pages down in the Google listings I found the [http://www.wikirage.com wikirage website], which had put the "Sunir Shah" article on an automatic list of "what's hot on Wikipedia" (so hot that Google missed the article entirely). The "Sunir Shah" article was on their list of articles that had received the most edits over a short time period.... So I'm a perfectionist....
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| − | '''04 October 2007 - Wikipedia "Recent changes"'''<br>
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| − | I suppose every Wikipedia contributor has tried this at least once: when I finished saving an edit, I went straight to "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Recentchanges Recent changes]" to see it listed there. In the few seconds it took me to open "Recent changes," some thirty edits had been saved on other articles, showing up on the list on top of mine.
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| − | '''04 October 2007 - Googling "toolswiki"'''<br>
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| − | I Googled "toolswiki" as a way to find this website (the URL includes "toolswiki.ouvaton.org"). There are several varieties. "ToolsWiki" in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel_case CamelCase] belongs to a [http://www-theory.lbl.gov physics site], although the wiki itself seems broken. The page called [http://www-theory.lbl.gov/toolswiki/index.php?title=Monte_Carlo_Generators Monte Carlo Generators] on that site is a long list of links to porn sites. This seems to be [[WikiSpam]]. My site shows up as "toolswiki" all in small letters. For "toolswiki" the Google list includes the main page of [http://communitywiki.org CommunityWiki]. Not because "toolswiki" is listed anywhere on that CommunityWiki page (it isn't), but because Raindog's Blog '''points to''' CommunityWiki. Just how does Google work anyway?
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| − | '''26 September - ThreadMess'''<br>
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| − | Ward Cunningham's original C2 wiki has a page about [http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?ThreadMess ThreadMess]. This brought to mind a more general term, "WikiMess," which I Googled, finding a [http://ferret.bemidjistate.edu/~morgan/cgi-bin/blogsAndWiki.pl?WikiMess definition of WikiMess]. This is a page on what looks like a [http://ferret.bemidjistate.edu/~morgan/cgi-bin/blogsAndWiki.pl?Entry_Point pretty interesting wiki].
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| − | ''' 23 September - MeatballWiki and Sunir Shah on Wikipedia'''<br>
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| − | On Wikipedia I transformed the MeatballWiki article from a stub to a regular article, and created a new article on Sunir Shah. Since Sunir should have had an article long ago, I surmised internal Wikipedian resistance to this article, and expected a reaction. There was none. Apparently all the peevish Wikipedians have lost interest in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/MeatballWiki MeatballWiki conflict] and gone on to something else.
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| − | ''' 23 September - Technorati's best'''<br>
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| − | Thinking about useful links to be found on other peoples' blogs, I went to Google and typed "best blogs." Thus I found technorati, which I had heard of, but never intentionally visited. Technorati gives a [http://technorati.com/pop/blogs list of most popular blogs]. From a first selection my favorite is [http://lifehacker.com lifehacker].
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| − | ''' 20 September - Open Content, David Wiley and Jorn Barger'''<br>
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| − | Wikipedia indicates that the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_commons Creative Commons] licenses were preceded by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Publication_License Open Publication License] developed in 1999 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_A._Wiley David Wiley]. This lead me to [http://opencontent.org David Wiley's website], which includes an article called [http://opencontent.org/docs/begin_blog.html A Beginner's Guide to Blogs for Instructional Technologists]. Wiley states therein that the term "weblog" was invented by Jorn Barger in 1999. The article gives a link to Barger's [http://www.robotwisdom.com/weblogs original 1999 page] where Barger gives the following definition:
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| − | :"A weblog is a webpage where a weblogger 'logs' all the other webpages she finds interesting."
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| − | David Wiley also operates an [http://opencontent.org/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page OpenContent Wiki ] with a page on [http://opencontent.org/wiki/index.php?title=Maintaining_a_wiki maintaining wikis], where it is stated that:
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| − | :"A wiki without contributors is nothing but a blog on steroids." | + | |
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| − | '''Prior to 20 September 2007 - Meatspace'''<br>
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| − | Wikipedia defines [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meatspace Meatspace] as follows:
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| − | :"Meatspace is a dysphemism for real life or the physical world, and conceived as the opposite of cyberspace or virtual reality."
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| − | See the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysphemism Wikipedia dysphemism article] for the meaning of this latter term.
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| − | Did the term "Meatspace" serve as the inspiration for the name of the [http://www.usemod.com/cgi-bin/mb.pl?MeatballWiki MeatballWiki]? I saw somewhere that "meatballs" were wiki communities. Another hypothesis is that since Meatball was the first '''meta-wiki''' (a WikiOnWiki), Sunir swapped the t and the a to make it '''meat-wiki'''.
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