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<font size="3">For pages about the [[Historical Roots]] of the philosophy of [[Convivial Tools]], see '''[[:Category:Historical Roots]]'''.</font> | <font size="3">For pages about the [[Historical Roots]] of the philosophy of [[Convivial Tools]], see '''[[:Category:Historical Roots]]'''.</font> | ||
| − | When [[Ivan Illich]] wrote [[Tools for Conviviality]] in 1973, he was informed by a long tradition of criticism of industrial technology and formulation of | + | When [[Ivan Illich]] wrote [[Tools for Conviviality]] in 1973, he was informed by a long tradition of criticism of industrial technology and of formulation of alternatives. Forebears extend at least as far back as [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]], and include twentieth-century figures such as [[Lewis Mumford]] and [[Jacques Ellul]]. Also, the [[Whole Earth]] and [[Appropriate Technology]] movements, mentioned below, in fact appeared a few years ''before'' Illich's book [[Tools for Conviviality]]. |
==Whole Earth== | ==Whole Earth== | ||
